To estimate the grain production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.), at three different altitudinal regions (i.e., tropical, sub-tropical and temperate) were selected. At each altitude two villages one of irrigated and another rain fed agriculture systems were taken to compare grain production between the agriculture systems and further agriculture systems of each altitude was compared along altitudinal basis. The irrigated villages were Ganga Bhogpur, Bhainswara and Dhaulana in the tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions and rain fed villages were Kunow, Ghargoan and Chunnikhal in respective regions. Among the irrigated villages, maximum production of wheat was in the village Bhainswara (sub-tropical region) followed by the village Ganga Bhogpur (tropical region) and Dhaulana (temperate region). The highest grain production of wheat in the village Bhainswara could be due to highest input of labour energy and optimum availability of nutrients in the soil. In rain fed villages the production of wheat was comparatively lower then irrigated. Similarly, for rice higher inputs (human and bullock labour, chemical fertilizer) favoured highest grain production in Ganga Bhogpur. Among the villages Ganga Bohpur produced 1.79 kg/capita/day   grain   production   of   wheat   followed   by   1.0   kg/capita/day   of   rice   which   was   observed   sufficient   food   production for subsistence to the villagers (as villagers opinion said) whereas, other villages have comparatively lower grain   production.   The   average   output:   input   ratio   across   all   the   study   regions   were   1.73   (tropical),   0.99   (sub-­tropical),   and 0.91 (temperate), which decreased with increasing altitudes. The agriculture productions in lower altitudes are comparatively good for the villager subsistence requirement than the higher hilly agriculture production. Although throughout the year nutrient level (phosphorus and potassium) were lowest in the temperate region. The grain production of   crop   reduced   with   increasing   altitude   because   of low   photoperiod   in   the   high   altitude   which   influences   the   grain   production of both the crop with increasing altitude therefore increasing altitude people are not getting their proper food requirement  and  migrating  towards  plain  to  fulfill  their  subsistence  need.  Thus  these  traditional  agricultural production   can be saved through encourage people by producing organic farming for high economic value for livelihood security.

Key words: yield production, energy budget, nutrient status, Garhwal Himalaya