De Gruyter Open

From December 2015 Agricultura journal will be published in partnership with De Gruyter Open (degruyteropen.com), the world's second largest publisher of Open Access academic content, and part of the De Gruyter group which has over 260 years of publishing history. De Gruyter Open closely cooperates with the majority of abstracting and indexing services, universities and libraries, providing a wide availability of journal's content and increasing its visibility. Agricultura's full-text articles will be found also at the new address on the De Gruyter Open's platform in following weeks.


Publishing support

Publishing of the journal Agricultura is financially supported by Slovenian Research Agency.

Izdajanje revije Agricultura je finančno podprto s strani Javne agencije za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije.


Our Profile

The journal AGRICULTURA (A) publishes scientific works from the following fields: animal science, plant production, farm mechanisation, land management, agricultural economics, ecology, biotechnology, microbiology
ISSN 1581-5439

Peter-Damian Chukwunomso JIWUBA, Lydia Chidimma JIWUBA, Moses Udoha ONYEKWERE

pp. 37-44

ABSTRACT

The growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical characteristics of thirty-six West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep of about 10 – 12 months of age and averaged 8.53kg in weight were sourced from the College flock. Four dietary treatments designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4 were formulated to contain 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% oil palm leaf meal (OPLM) respectively were randomly assigned to the animals. The experimental animals were divided into four groups of nine animals each, with each group replicated thrice with three animals per replicate. Each group was allotted to one of the diets in a completely randomized design. The animals were weighed at the beginning of the trial and weekly subsequently and data for growth performance were generated. Blood samples were obtained from one animal in each replicate, and data generated were analyzed statistically. Average daily feed intake, total dry matter intake and average daily weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatment, with animals on T4 group having higher and better values. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) also differed significantly (P<0.05) with sheep on T3 and T4 (11.82 and 11.49 respectively) having the best FCR. The haematology showed that the packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCV) were significantly (P < 0.05) improved at 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels of OPLM, respectively. Sheep in treatment groups had improved (P < 0.05) white blood cell (WBC) count than those on the control group. Serum biochemistry results showed that total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly influenced (P < 0.05) and tended to increase with increasing levels of test ingredient. Sheep in treatment groups had higher (P < 0.05) urea values than those on control. Creatinine values at 20% and 30% inclusion differed significantly (P < 0.05) with the control value. Cholesterol was significantly influenced (P < 0.05) and followed an irregular trend across the treatment groups. The results showed that inclusion of OPLM had a beneficial effect on the general performance of the WAD sheep. Therefore, 30% OPLM supplementation was recommended for optimum performance in WAD sheep.

Key words: Sheep, supplemental diets, proximate composition, oil palm leaf meal, cassava peel, blood parameters


Slovenian:

Vpliv krmljenja pritlikave zahodnoafriške pasme ovac vzrejenih v vlažnih tropskih razmerah z zmesjo ostankov lupljenja gomoljev kasave in listov oljne palme na rastnost in krvno sliko

Rastnost, hematološke in biokemijske serumske lastnosti so bile proučevane pri 36. ovcah pritlikave zahodno afriške pasme, pri starosti 10 do 12 mesecev in poprečni telesni masi 8,53 kg. Živali so izvirale iz črede v lasti visoke šole. Štirje različni obroki so bili pokladani živalim T1, T2, T3 in T4, ki so vsebovali 0%, 10%, 20% in 30% zmesjo ostankov lupljenja gomoljev kasave in listov oljne palme (OPLM) v obroku ovac. Proučevane živali so bile ločene v štiri skupine, vsaka je imela po devet živali, in znotraj te so bile deljene v tri ponovitve, v vsaki so bile po tri živali. Vsaka skupina živali je dobila specifičen obrok po naključnem oblikovanju poskusa. Živali so bile individualno tehtane tedensko. Vzorci krvi so bili odvzeti eni živali iz proučevane skupine. Poprečna konzumacija krme, celokupna konzumacija suhe snovi in velikost dnevnega prirasta so bili pod značilnim vplivom obroka. Ovce skupine T4 so se značilno boljše v proučevanih lastnostih in so se značilno (P < 0,05) razlikovale od ostalih skupin. Statistično značilno najboljšo konverzijo krme so imele ovce skupine T3 in T4 (P < 0,05). Vsebnost rdečih krvnih celic ločenih od plazme (PCV), rdeče krvne celice in koncentracija hemoglobina (MCV) je bila značilno (P < 0,05) izboljšana v obrokih z 10%, 20% in 30% OPLM. Prav tako so imele proučevane skupine v krvi značilno večjo vsebnost levkocitov (P < 0,05) kot kontrola. Vsebnost skupnih proteinov, albumina in globulina je bila značilno (P < 0,05) pod vplivom naraščajočih vrednosti dodatka OPLM v krmi ovac. Ovse krmljene z dodatkom OPLM so imeli značilno (P < 0,05) večjo vsebnost uree v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. Prav tako je pri vključitvi 20% in 30% OPLM v obroku ovac imelo značilen (P < 0,05) vliv na vsebnost kreatina v primerjavi s kontrolo. Vsebnosti holesterola so bile pod značilnim (P < 0,05) vplivom OPLM, vendar se ni pokazal določen vzorec na osnovi katerega bi lahko naredili zaključke. Rezultati poskusa so pokazali, da ima OPLM dobrodejen na večino rastnih lastnosti pritlikave pasme zahodnoafriških ovac. Priporočljiva je uporaba 30% dodatka OPLM v obroku ovac za doseganje optimalnih rastnih lastnosti.

Ključne besede: ovca, krmni dodatki, kasavini olupki, palmini listi, krvni parametri


REFERENCES:

1. AOAC. Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Official Methods of Analysis. 6th Edition. Washington DC, USA. 2000.
2. Aye PA, Tawose OM. Physiological responses of West African Dwarf sheep fed graded levels of Gmelina arborea leaves and cassava peel concentrates under different management systems. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am. 2016;7(4):185-195.
3. Aye PA. Growth performance, physiological and haematological parameters of West African Dwarf sheep fed Panicum-cassava peels supplemented with or without Leucaena-based multinutrient blocks. Am. J. Food. Nutr. 2013;3(3): 135-146.
4. Chong KP, Atong M, Rossall S. The roles of syringic, caffeic and 4- hydroxybenzoic acids in Ganoderma – oil palm interaction. Asian J. Microbiology, Biotechnol and Environmental Sci. 2012;14(2):157-166.
5. Dacie JV, Lewis M. Practical haematology. 8th edition. Longman group ltd. London. 1991;88-96.
6. Eheba ETE, Omoikhojie SO, Bangbose AM, Druna MB, Isidhahomen CE. Haematology and serum biochemistry of weaner rabbits fed cooked Bambara groundnutmeal as replacement for soybean meal. Proc. 33rd Annual Conf. Nig. Soc. Anim. Prod., Ayetoro, Ogun. 2008;192-196.
7. Ekeocha AH, Fakolade PO. Nitrogen balance of pregnant West African Dwarf (WAD) ewe fed Mexican sunflower
leaf meal (MSLM) based diets. J Anim Prod Adv. 2012; 2(9):398-404.
8. Esonu BO, Emelalom OO, Udedibie ABI, Herbert U, Ekpor CFE, Okoli IC, Iheukwumere, FC. Performance and blood chemistry of weaner pigs fed raw mucuna bean (velvet been) meal. Trop. Anim. Prod. Investig. 2008;4:49-54.
9. Esonu BO, Udedibie ABI, Emenalom OO, Madumere, CC and Uchegbu, OA. Evaluation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaf meal as feed ingredient in broiler diets. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 2008;35(1):32–39.
10. Etim NN, Enyenihi GE, Williams ME, Udo MD, Offiong EEA. Haematological Parameters: Indicators
of the Physiological Status of Farm Animals. Brit. J. Sci. 2013;10(1):33-45.
11. FAOSTAT
12. Fielder SE. Serum Biochemical Reference Ranges. Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. 2016.
13. Ifut OJ. The potential of cassava peels for feeding goats in Nigeria. In: cassava as livestock feed in Africa. 1988;72- 81.
14. Jain NC. Veterinary haematology.4th edition.Baillere, Tindall. 1993;297.
15. Jiwuba PC, Ahamefule FO, Ikwunze K, Assam EM. Prolificacy and pre-weaning mortality of West
African dwarf sheep raised intensively in a hot humid environment. Archives of Current Research International. 2016a;5(1):1-7.
16. Jiwuba PC, Ahamefule FO, Ogbuewu IP, Ikwunze K. Blood chemistry and haematology of West African Dwarf goats fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) in their diets. Comparative Clinical Pathology.2017;26(3);621-624.
17. Jiwuba PC, Ahamefule FO, Okechukwu SO, Ikwunze K. Feed intake, body weight changes and haematology of West African dwarf goats fed dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Agricultura, 2016C;13(1-2):71-77.
18. Jiwuba PC, Ezenwaka LC, Ikwunze K, Nsidinanya NO. Blood profile of West African Dwarf goats fed
provitamin A cassava peel-centrosema leaf meal based diets. Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii,, Alexandru Ioan Cuz”, Sectiunea Genetica si Biologie Moleculara TOM XVII, Fascicula. 2016d;3:27-134.
19. Jiwuba PC, Ezenwaka LC. Growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of West African dwarf goats fed Β-carotene cassava peel-centrosema leaf meal based diets. Case Studies Journal. 2016; 5(8): 204-210.
20. Jiwuba PC, Ikwunze Ume SI, Nsidinanya NO. Performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and cost
benefit of West African Dwarf Goats fed dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Journal of Advances in Biology and Biotechnology. 2016b; 8(3): 1-9.
21. Jiwuba PC, Ugwu DO, Kadurumba OE, Dauda E. Haematological and Serum Biochemical Indices of weaner rabbits fed Varying Levels of Dried Gmelina Arborea Leaf Meal. International Blood Research and Reviews. 2016e;6(2):1-8.
22. Kaneko JJ. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, 4th ed. New York, Academic Press. 1989.
23. Kramar JW. Normal haematology of cattle, sheep and goats. In: Feldman, B. F., Zinkl, J. G., Jain, N. C. (editors).
Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology. 5th edition.Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. U.S.A, Philadelphia. 2000;1075-1084.
24. Mc-Donald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan, CA. Animal Nutrition. 5th edition. Longman publishers, Edinburgh, U.K. 1995. 607.
25. Mohamed S. Oil Palm Leaf: A new functional food ingredient for health and disease prevention. J Food Process Technol 2014;5(2);1-6.
26. Obi IU. Statistical methods of detecting differences between treatment means and ed., Snapp press, Enugu, Nigeria. 1990.
27. Oyeyemi MO, Ajani OS. Haematological parameters and serum testosterone of West African Dwarf rams treated with aqueous extract of Cnidosacontifolius (Chaya). J. Med. Plant Research. 2014;8(14):571–575.
28. Prvulovic D, Kosarcic S, Popovic M, Dimitrigevic D, Grubor-Lajsic G. The influence of hydrated aluminosilicate on biochemical and haematological blood parameters, growth performance and carcass traits of pigs. J Anim Vet Adv. 2012; 11(1):134–140.
29. RB, Chacon E, Ascata-Jr D. Toxic responses in: Klassen, C.D. and Watkins, J.B. (editors), Cassaret and Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, McGraw Hill Medical publishing Division, New York. 2003;266–287.
30. Research Animal Resource (RAR). Reference values for laboratory animals. Normal haematological values RAR websites.RAR.University of Minnesota. 2009.
31. Rout SP, Choudary KA, Kar DM, Das L, Jain A. Plants in traditional medicinal system - future source of new drugs. Int. J. Pharm. Pharmaceutical Sci. 2009;1:1-23.
32. Scholant W. A compendium of rabbit production appropriate for conditions in developing countries. Schriftenreihe der GTZ. 1985;169:85.
33. Ukanwoko AI, Ironkwe MO, Nmecha C. Growth performance and hematological characteristics of West African dwarf goats fed oil palm leaf meal – cassava peel based diets. J Anim Pro Sd Adv. 2013;3:1-5.
34. Ukanwoko AI. Evaluation of cassava peel – cassava leaf meal based diets for meat and milk production by West African Dwarf goats in South Eastern Nigeria.
Ph.D Thesis. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. Nigeria. 2007.
35. Wong HK, Zahari MW. Characterization of oil palm by – products as feed for ruminants. In proc. 15th MSAP conference on Vision 2020 towards more efficient and effective animal production strategies. Malaysian Society of Animal Production, Malaysia. 1992;58–61.
36. Yin NS, Abdullah S, Phin CK. Phytochemical constituents from leaves of Elaeis guineensis and theirantioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013; 5(4):137-140.

logo dg open        cm stacked 064 plain